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Calcium supplementation for 2 years improves bone mineral accretion and lean body mass in Chinese adolescents.
Conclusions: calcium supplementation more than 230 mg/d for two years can improve bone mineral accretion and lean body mass in Chinese male adolescents.
PMID: 20460227 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Dairy intake and cognitive health in middle-aged South Australians.
Conclusions: Low fat dairy may have beneficial effects on social functioning, stress and memory, while whole fat dairy may be associated with poorer psychological well-being. Dietary intervention trials are needed to establish whether there is a direct effect of dairy consumption on cognitive and psychological health.
PMID: 20460228 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Correlates of body dissatisfaction among Taiwanese adolescents.
Conclusions: this study enhanced the understanding about body dissatisfaction in Eastern populations. Perceived physical appearance, BMI and internalization of the socio-cultural ideals predicted body dissatisfaction, which are evident in Taiwan, as well as in Western based research. However, these factors only explained a small variance in body dissatisfaction for boys, suggesting a need in identifying more factors related to body dissatisfaction among boys.
PMID: 20460229 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Health ratings for underweight, overweight and obese adolescents: disparities between adolescent's own report and the parent's report.
Authors: Pu C, Chou YJ
In many Asian countries, overweight and obese children are sometimes considered healthier than their underweight or normal weight counterparts. Using Taiwan as an example, this research aims to examine the relationship between inappropriate weight and self-rated health (SRH) for adolescents, and inappropriate weight and the parent's impression of their adolescent's general health. We analyzed data from1,879 adolescents (933 boys and 946 girls) from the third year (2003) of a panel survey conducted by the Academia Sinica of Taiwan. Adolescents were identified as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese using body mass index (BMI). Kappa statistic was used to determine agreements between adolescent's own report and their health as reported by their parent. ...
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Rising methods and leavening agents used in the production of bread do not impact the glycaemic index.
Authors: Fredensborg MH, Perry T, Mann J, Chisholm A, Rose M
The aim of this study was to compare the glycaemic index of breads produced using different rising methods and leavening agents. Eleven bread varieties were selected based on method of production, and divided between three groups of ten participants (mean +/- SD age 30.0 +/- 10.7 years and BMI 22.9 +/- 2.8). Standard glycaemic index testing protocol was implemented after an overnight fast, using glucose as the reference food, and collecting blood samples over a two-hour period. Glycemic index was calculated using the usual method. Additionally, incremental area under the curve data were log transformed and glycaemic index was calculated using regression analysis. Mean glycaemic index values of the breads in ascending order we...
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Milk fortified with the current adequate intake for vitamin D (5 ug) increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D compared to control milk but is not sufficient to prevent a seasonal decline in young women.
This study suggests an AI of 5 mug may be inadequate for New Zealanders to allow for seasonal changes in sunlight exposure, and is unlikely sufficient for other populations with low sunlight exposure.
PMID: 20460232 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on protein metabolism in bed-ridden elderly receiving tube feeding.
This study suggested that HMB supplementation for 2-4 weeks could reduce muscle breakdown in bed-ridden elderly nursing home residents receiving tube feeding.
PMID: 20460233 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Initiating BMI prevalence studies in Vietnamese children: changes in a transitional economy.
Conclusions: The rising prevalence of children at risk of overweight in urban Vietnam is a concern that must be monitored to guide policy changes. The unchanging prevalence of rural underweight boys requires attention. A national nutrition program to address under- and overweight for children throughout primary school is needed.
PMID: 20460234 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Whole blood citrulline concentrations in newborns with non-syndromic oral clefts - a preliminary report.
Authors: Hozyasz KK, Oltarzewski M, Lugowska I
The amino acid citrulline is poorly represented in food, except for the Cucurbitaceae family of fruits (watermelons, etc.) and sap from birch trees, which have both been used in the treatment of reproductive disorders for centuries. Recently, an interesting observation was published regarding citrulline as a promising candidate biomarker of abnormal embryogenesis. Our study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of newborn citrulline concentrations as potential risk factors for orofacial clefting. We performed a retrospective analysis of citrulline concentrations obtained from the results of a newborn screening program. The study group consists of 52 children with isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate. One hundred and seve...
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Nutritional status of the Iranian children with physical disability: a cross-sectional study.
Conclusions: Malnutrition (low weight and stunting) is quite prevalent among Iranian children with motor disabilities and it is more prevalent in girls than in boys. It seems that poor food composition is a more important contributing factor than total low calorie intake. These data warrants further studies.
PMID: 20460236 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Does the current iodine content in edible salt appropriate for eliminating iodine deficiency in China.
Conclusions: The trial exhibits a tendency of slightly excessive iodine intake among the households under the currently recommended standard.
PMID: 20460237 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Dietary intakes and behaviours in pregnant women of Li ethnicity: a comparison of mountainous and coastal populations in southern China.
Authors: Zhang F, Yi C, Fang G, Sakutombo DN
The aim of our study was to describe and compare nutritional status and food related behaviours in rural pregnant women of Li ethnicity as they had been divided into mountainous and costal groups by residential area. One hundred and ninety-six randomly selected healthy rural pregnant women of Li ethnicity for the mountainous group (MG), and eighty-two for the coastal group (CG) were recruited. Data were collected via demographic questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, food related behaviour questionnaires, five day dietary diaries and plasma folate tests. The mean (SD) age, years of education, and height of all participants were respectively 25.7 (3.99) years, 7.57 (2.45) years and 155 (5.04) cm, without significant group differences (p...
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Calcium absorption in Australian osteopenic post-menopausal women: an acute comparative study of fortified soymilk to cows' milk.
This study compares calcium absorption from soymilk fortified with a proprietary phosphate of calcium versus absorption from cow's milk. Preliminary studies compared methods for labelling the calcium fortificant either before or after its addition to soymilk. It was established that fortificant labelled after it was added to soymilk had a tracer distribution pattern very similar to that shown by fortificant labelled before adding to soymilk, provided a heat treatment (90?C for 30 min) was applied. This method was therefore used for further bioavailability studies. Calcium absorption from fortified soy milk compared to cow's milk was examined using a randomised single-blind acute cross-over design study in 12 osteopenic post-menopausal women aged (mean +/- SD) 56.7+/-5.3 years, with a body ...
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Poor iodine status and knowledge related to iodine on the eve of mandatory iodine fortification in Australia.
Conclusions: The iodine status of women in one region of New South Wales was low. These data add support to the need for a national approach to address iodine intake which includes an accompanying consumer education campaign.
PMID: 20460240 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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The use of table and cooking salt in a sample of Australian adults.
Conclusion: Discretionary salt use remains high. To successfully reduce population dietary salt intake public health campaigns are urgently required and need to include consumer advice to reduce discretionary salt use, whilst reducing the salt added to processed foods. Such campaigns should include younger age groups and should be appropriate for all ethnic backgrounds to raise the awareness of the risks of a high salt diet on health.
PMID: 20460241 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
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Cardiovascular risk prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control from 1998 to 2007 in Koreans.
This study estimated prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of cardiovascular risk (CV) defined as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes from 1998 to 2007 among Koreans. Data using self-report or screening examination were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted in 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007, for the 30-79 year age range. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia slightly increased across the surveys, while those values of hypertension and diabetes revealed decreasing trends. Awareness and control rates among participants with diabetes and hypertension improved over the period of surveys in both genders, but treatment rate varied among risk factors (24-39% for those with prior diagnosis of hypercholeste...
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Effect of lifestyle on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among farmers, migrants with Yi ethnicity and Han population in Sichuan province of China.
Authors: Wang C, Wei D, Wang B, Zhang J, Zhang K, Ma M, Pan L, Yu T, Xue F, Shan G
Yi people are the most primitive society in China. Little information on the metabolic syndrome (MS) is available in Yi people. We explored whether differing lifestyle affected the prevalence of MS among farmers and migrants of Yi ethnicity and Han population in one of the Southwestern parts of China. The prevalence of MS among the three populations was described under the same International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The study populations comprised of 1,535 Yi farmers, 1,306 Yi migrants and 2,130 Han people. The effects of physical activity, obesity and other risk factor on MS were evaluated. Results showed that the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of MS was 9.9 times higher in Yi migrants (23....
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Sources and intake of resistant starch in the Chinese diet.
Authors: Chen L, Liu R, Qin C, Meng Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xu G
Resistant starch (RS) escapes digestion in the small intestine and may ferment in the large intestine. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistant starch content in typical starchy foods and to estimate the daily resistant starch intake and identify key sources of dietary resistant starch in the Chinese diets. The resistant starch contents of 121 foods were determined using a method that mimicked gastrointestinal conditions. Tubers and legumes had high resistant starch contents. Rough food processing retained large amounts of resistant starch. In general, the content of RS decreased when foods were cooked. Deep fried and roasted foods had higher levels of resistant starch than braised foods. The average resistant...
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Cross-sectional reference values of upper arm anthropometry of the Khasi tribal adolescents of Meghalaya, India.
In this study, the nutritional status of an ethno-homogenous sample of contemporary Khasi tribal adolescent cohort of age 11+ to 17+ years in the state of Meghalaya, India has been assessed by cross sectional analysis. This was achieved through the use of the following derived anthropometric measurements - total upper arm area (TUA), upper arm muscle area (UMA), upper arm fat area (UFA), and arm fat index (AFI). A total of 670 adolescents (335 boys; 335 girls) participated in this study. In comparison with North American NHANES 1999-2002 standards, UMA, a measure of upper arm muscle mass, was lower at all age groups in Khasi girls. Conversely, in Khasi boys, AFI, a marker of upper arm fat mass was lower at all age groups, thereby showing a gender dimorphic difference in upper limb muscle a...
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Obesity screening for young Japanese males and females using skin fold measurements: the classification revisited.
Authors: Kagawa M, Uenishi K, Mori M, Uchida H, Kerr DA, Binns CW, Hills AP
Anthropometric assessment is a simple, safe, and cost-efficient method to examine the health status of individuals. The Japanese obesity classification based on the sum of two skin folds (Sigma2SF) was proposed nearly 40 years ago therefore its applicability to Japanese living today is unknown. The current study aimed to determine Sigma2SF cut-off values that correspond to percent body fat (%BF) and BMI values using two datasets from young Japanese adults (233 males and 139 females). Using regression analysis, Sigma2SF and height-corrected Sigma2SF (HtSigma2SF) values that correspond to %BF of 20, 25, and 30% for males and 30, 35, and 40% for females were determined. In addition, cut-off values of both Sigma2SF...
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