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Flaxseed lignan lowers blood cholesterol and decreases liver disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic men
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 441-446
Satoshi, Fukumitsu , Kazuhiko, Aida , Hirokazu, Shimizu , Katsuhiko, Toyoda
The effects of flaxseed lignan (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside [SDG]) intake on hypercholesterolemia and liver disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic men were investigated. In a previous study, we reported that SDG attenuates high-fat, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice. Here, we report a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men in which we investigated the hypothesis that oral administration of SDG (20 or 100 mg) would decrease the level of blood cholesterol and liver disease risk factors induced by hypercholesterolemia in humans. Thirty men with total cholesterol levels of 4.65 to 6.21 mmol/L (180-240 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to 3 groups;...
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Inclusion of Atlantic salmon in the Chinese diet reduces cardiovascular disease risk markers in dyslipidemic adult men
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 447-454
Jian, Zhang , Chunrong, Wang , Lixiang, Li , Qingqing, Man , Pengkun, Song , ...
Although the beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids on several physiologic functions have been widely reported, information about the effects of oily fish in the Asian diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is diminutive. We hypothesize that daily inclusion of oily fish for 8 weeks in the Chinese diet will elevate serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels and reduce CVD risk markers in dyslipidemic adult men, comparable with the effects generally observed by inclusion of oily fish in the Western diet. In this 8-week randomized, parallel-arm, food-based intervention study, lunches were prepared with 500 g pork/chicken/beef, typically...
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Hypoxanthine levels in human urine serve as a screening indicator for the plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein modulation activities of fermented red pepper paste
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 455-461
Yujin, Kim , Youn-Je, Park , Seung-Ok, Yang , So-Hyun, Kim , Sun-Hee, Hyun , ...
Fermented red pepper paste (FRPP) is one of the most well-known traditional foods in Korea. The effects of FRPP in experimental animals and adipocytes have been previously reported. However, the biochemical effects have not yet been validated in humans with various genetic backgrounds and environmental factors. In this study, 28 female volunteers (body mass index, more than 23 kg/m2) aged 19 to 60 years were treated with either FRPP or a placebo for 12 weeks. Marked cholesterol modulation was observed in the FRPP-treated group compared with the placebo group. Although the baseline (pretreatment) total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels and...
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Strawberries decrease atherosclerotic markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 462-469
Arpita, Basu , Dong Xu, Fu , Marci, Wilkinson , Brandi, Simmons , Mingyuan, Wu , ...
Strawberries have been reported to be potent antioxidants and reduce cardiovascular risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in limited studies. We hypothesized that freeze-dried strawberry supplementation will improve blood pressure, impaired glucose, dyslipidemia, or circulating adhesion molecules in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome, thereby lowering cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. Twenty-seven subjects with metabolic syndrome (2 males and 25 females; body mass index, 37.5 ± 2.15 kg/m2; age, 47.0 ± 3.0 years [means ± SE]) consumed 4 cups of freeze-dried strawberry beverage (50g freeze-dried strawberries ∼ 3 cups fresh strawberries) or equivalent amounts of...
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Association between household income and overweight of Korean and American children: trends and differences
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 470-476
Yongju, Kwon , Sangwoo, Oh , Sangshin, Park , Yongsoon, Park
The prevalence of overweight in children has been dramatically increasing worldwide, and socioeconomic status is an important risk factor. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that household income is negatively associated with overweight in Korean and American girls and boys. In the study, 2117 children 7 to 12 years of age from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2001 and 2007 and 3016 children from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2001 and 2006 were included. Overweight is defined as the sex- and age-specific body mass index cutoffs recommended by...
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Decisional balance for health and weight is associated with whole-fruit intake in low-income young adults
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 477-482
Tandalayo, Kidd , Paula K., Peters
Bone health, decreased risk of certain cancers, heart disease, and stroke has been associated with the consumption of fruits. These and other health benefits, such as feeling better and weight loss, have been identified as intrinsic motivators for consumers to increase their consumption of fruits. Thus, if individuals believe more could be gained than lost (decisional balance) by increasing their fruit intake, it is likely that they will consume more. However, despite fruits' positive effect on health, young adults and individuals with low incomes, limited education, or low self-efficacy consume insufficient amounts. To determine variables associated with increased fruit consumption,...
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A high-fat diet inhibits the progression of diabetes mellitus in type 2 diabetic rats
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 483-491
Yukihito, Ishii , Takeshi, Ohta , Tomohiko, Sasase , Hisayo, Morinaga , Takahiro, Hata , ...
It is well known that rats and mice, when fed a high-fat diet, develop obesity associated with abnormal glycolipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high-fat diet on a diabetic rat model, Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT), which develops diabetes due to decreased insulin production and secretion with age. We hypothesized that a high-fat diet would accelerate the induction of diabetes in this model. The SDT rats were divided into 2 groups, which were fed a high-fat diet or standard diet for 16 weeks. The group fed a high-fat diet developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia until 16...
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Dietary intake of S-(α-carboxybutyl)-dl-homocysteine induces hyperhomocysteinemia in rats
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 492-500
Jana, Strakova , Kelly T., Williams , Sapna, Gupta , Kevin L., Schalinske , Warren D., Kruger , ...
Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from betaine to homocysteine (Hcy), forming dimethylglycine and methionine. We previously showed that inhibiting BHMT in mice by intraperitoneal injection of S-(α-carboxybutyl)-dl-homocysteine (CBHcy) results in hyperhomocysteinemia. In the present study, CBHcy was fed to rats to determine whether it could be absorbed and cause hyperhomocysteinemia as observed in the intraperitoneal administration of the compound in mice. We hypothesized that dietary administered CBHcy will be absorbed and will result in the inhibition of BHMT and cause hyperhomocysteinemia. Rats were meal-fed every 8 hours an l-amino acid–defined diet either containing or...
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Red yeast rice stimulates osteoblast proliferation and increases alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells☆
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 501-510
Young-Eun, Cho , Ethel, Alcantara , Santhy, Kumaran , Kun-Ho, Son , Ho-Yong, Sohn , ...
Red yeast (Monascus purpureus) is used as a traditional hypocholesterolemic dietary food component in Asia due to its bioactive component, lovastatin. Recently, new evidence suggesting that the statins in red yeast enhance bone formation has been reported, but more research is still needed in order to support these claims of osteogenic effects. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that red yeast rice (in which red yeast is fermented) can improve osteogenic function through osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation. We studied the effect of methanol extract of red yeast rice powder (RYRP) on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by measuring mitochondrial enzyme...
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Lean beef contributes significant amounts of key nutrients to the diets of US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 375-381
Michael, Zanovec , Carol E., O'Neil , Debra R., Keast , Victor L., Fulgoni III , Theresa A., Nicklas
Consumption of lean meat is a valuable addition to a healthy diet because it provides complete protein and is a rich source of vitamin B12, iron, and zinc. The objective of this study was to examine the nutritional contribution of total beef and lean beef (LB) to the American diet using the USDA definition of LB as defined in MyPyramid. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from adults 19 to 50 years of age (n = 7049) and 51+ years (n = 6243) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 were assessed. Lean beef was defined as beef with...
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Degree of habitual mastication seems to contribute to interindividual variations in the glycemic response to rice but not to spaghetti
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 382-391
Viren, Ranawana , C. Jeya K., Henry , Megan, Pratt
Previous work by our group showed that the degree of particle breakdown of rice during mastication affects in vitro glycemic potency. The objective of this study was to confirm these in vitro findings in an in vivo model. We hypothesized that the degree of habitual mastication will influence individuals' in vivo blood glucose response (glycemic response, or GR) to carbohydrate foods. Eleven participants came in on six nonconsecutive days to the laboratory and evaluated 2Â test foods (rice and spaghetti). Their GR was measured for the subsequent 120 minutes. Mastication parameters were determined using surface electrode electromyography. The particle size distribution...
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Chitosan improves insulin sensitivity as determined by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in obese subjects
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 392-395
Sandra O., Hernández-González , Manuel, González-Ortiz , Esperanza, MartÃnez-Abundis , José A., Robles-Cervantes
In accordance with obesity is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and chitosan decrease weight and lipids, but its effect on insulin sensitivity is unknown. Our hypothesis for the research was that chitosan improves insulin sensitivity estimated with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in obesity. We undertook this study with the objective to determine the effect of chitosan on insulin sensitivity using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in obese patients during a 3-month period. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was carried out in 12 obese adults without diabetes mellitus. During a 3-month period, 6 patients received chitosan (750 mg, 3 times per...
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Fruit and vegetable availability enables adolescent consumption that exceeds national average
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 396-402
Jennifer, Di Noia , Isobel R., Contento
The availability of fruit, juice, and vegetables (FJV) in home and school settings is positively associated with adolescent fruit and vegetable consumption. Less is known, however, about the influence on youths' consumption of the availability of FJV in community-based settings. This study examined fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of 156 African American adolescents (mean age, 11.89 years; range, 10-14 years; 55% female) who were provided with 3 servings each of FJV (9 servings daily) for 3 consecutive days during summer camp programming in New York City youth services agencies. It was hypothesized that youths' mean intake (measured via...
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α-Lipoic acid reduces matrix metalloproteinase activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 403-409
Hyun Sook, Lee , Mi Hee, Na , Woo Kyoung, Kim
α-Lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring molecule in animal and plant cells, is a potent antioxidant that reportedly exerts beneficial effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the antimetastatic property of LA are not well understood. The present study investigates the effect of LA on metastasis in a cell system. Our hypothesis is that LA inhibits metastasis via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in vitro. MDA-MB-231 cells, a human breast cancer cell line, were treated with various concentrations of LA (0, 250, 500, or 1000 μmol/L) to measure metastasis, MMP activity,...
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Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation in rats imprints long-term reduction in hepatic lipid content selectively in the male offspring
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 410-417
Rani J., Qasem , Ganesh, Cherala , Anil P., D'mello
Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation reduces whole body lipid stores and alters lipid homeostasis in the adult offspring. Lipid homeostasis in the body is regulated, in part, by the liver via the metabolic processes of synthesis and utilization of lipids. The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal protein restriction will imprint changes in hepatic lipid metabolism and thereby alter the hepatic lipid content of the adult offspring. Pregnant rats were fed purified diets containing 19% protein (control group) or 8% protein (low-protein group) throughout pregnancy and lactation. On day 28, pups from both groups were weaned onto...
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Neonatal and fetal exposure to trans-fatty acids retards early growth and adiposity while adversely affecting glucose in mice
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 418-426
Kylie, Kavanagh , Soraya, Sajadian , Kurt A., Jenkins , Martha D., Wilson , J. Jeffery, Carr , ...
Industrially produced trans-fatty acids (TFAs) consumed in Western diets are incorporated into maternal and fetal tissues and are passed linearly to offspring via breast milk. We hypothesized that TFA exposure in utero and during lactation in infants would promote obesity and poor glycemic control as compared with unmodified fatty acids. We further hypothesized that in utero exposure alone may program for these outcomes in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, we fed female C57/BL6 mice identical Western diets that differed only in cis- or trans-isomers of C18:1 and then aimed to determine whether maternal transfer of TFAs through pregnancy and lactation...
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Butyrylated starch increases large bowel butyrate levels and lowers colonic smooth muscle contractility in rats
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 427-434
Balazs H., Bajka , Julie M., Clarke , David. L., Topping , Lynne, Cobiac , Mahinda Y., Abeywardena , ...
The short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced by colonic bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates. Butyrate is important in the regulation of the colonocyte cell cycle and gut motility and may also reduce the risk of large bowel cancer. We have shown that dietary butyrylated starch can deliver butyrate to the large bowel in a sustained manner. We hypothesized that ingestion of butyrylated starch increases large bowel butyrate levels and decreases colonic contractility. Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8) were fed AIN-93G-based diet containing a highly digestible low-amylose maize starch (LAMS) control or 5% or 10% butyrylated...
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Sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate derived from garlic induces phase II detoxification enzymes in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 435-440
Hye-Sook, Chang , Miyan, Ko , Mayumi, Ishizuka , Shoichi, Fujita , Akira, Yabuki , ...
There is evidence that onions and garlic protect against cancer in humans. It has been suggested that this effect is partly due to the organosulfur compounds in Allium vegetables and that these substances act through induction of phase II detoxification enzymes. Here, we hypothesized that alk(en)yl thiosulfates, sodium n-propyl thiosulfate (NPTS), and sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate (2PTS), which were identified in onions and garlic, respectively, may induce phase II enzymes. Therefore, rat hepatoma cells (H4IIE) were cultured with 1 to 100 μmol/L of NPTS or 2PTS for 48 hours at 37°C; and the activities and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of...
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The Stayhealthy bioelectrical impedance analyzer predicts body fat in children and adults
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 297-304
David N., Erceg , Christina M., Dieli-Conwright , Amerigo E., Rossuello , Nicole E., Jensky , Stephanie, Sun , ...
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a time-efficient and cost-effective method for estimating body composition. We hypothesized that there would be no significant difference between the Stayhealthy BC1 BIA and the selected reference methods when determining body composition. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine the validity of estimating percent body fat (%BF) using the Stayhealthy BIA with its most recently updated algorithms compared to the reference methods of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for adults and hydrostatic weighing for children. We measured %BF in 245 adults aged 18 to 80 years and 115 children aged 10 to 17 years....
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Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women
Publication year: 2010
Source: Nutrition Research, Volume 30, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 305-313
Bernard, Gout , Cédric, Bourges , Séverine, Paineau-Dubreuil
Snacking is an uncontrolled eating behavior, predisposing weight gain and obesity. It primarily affects the female population and is frequently associated with stress. We hypothesized that oral supplementation with Satiereal (Inoreal Ltd, Plerin, France), a novel extract of saffron stigma, may reduce snacking and enhance satiety through its suggested mood-improving effect, and thus contribute to weight loss. Healthy, mildly overweight women (N = 60) participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study that evaluated the efficacy of Satiereal supplementation on body weight changes over an 8-week period. Snacking frequency, the main secondary variable, was assessed by daily self-recording of episodes by...
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