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ScienceDirect Publication: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
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HDL and LDL as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease prevention: The possible role of niacin Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 23 August 2010 A.G., Olsson Recently two studies on the effect of addition of extended-release niacin to statin treatment on measures of carotid atherosclerosis were estimated in the ARBITER 6-HALTS study (Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol 6–HDL and LDL Treatment Strategies) study and the Oxford Niacin Study were published. Adding niacin to statin treatment significantly diminished carotid atherosclerosis as measured by ultrasound carotid intima-media thickness or magnetic resonance imaging. An inhibitor of niacin induced flushing, laropiprant has been developed and demonstrated to considerably improve the tolerability of niacin therapy without impeding on its effect on lipoproteins. Still however... Poor vitamin B6 status: A novel potential thrombotic factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 21 August 2010 Filippo Luca, Fimognari , Salvatore, Di Simone , Andrea, Corsonello , Ruggero, Pastorelli , Francesca, Sampietro , ... Editorial Board Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 7, September 2010, Page IFC [No author name available] Mediterranean diet and coronary heart disease: Is obesity a link? – A systematic review Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 7, September 2010, Pages 536-551 C.M., Kastorini , H.J., Milionis , J.A., Goudevenos , D.B., Panagiotakos Aims: Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet, exerts a beneficial role regarding the development of coronary heart disease. In addition, several studies support the protective role of the Mediterranean diet as far as obesity is concerned. This review, examining results from prospective cohort and cross-sectional studies, as well as clinical trials, aims to clarify whether the beneficial effect of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on coronary heart disease is due to the impact of this diet on weight loss and obesity status or an independent effect. Data Synthesis: 35 original-research studies that were published in English until... Effects of chronic elevation of atrial natriuretic peptide and free fatty acid levels in the induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in patients with mitral valve disease Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 14 August 2010 L.D., Monti , P.C.G., Lucotti , E., Setola , A., Rossodivita , M.G., Pala , ... Background and aims: The relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), increased free fatty acid (FFA) and insulin resistance in patients with mitral valve disease (MVD), a group characterised by elevated atrial pressure and increased ANP levels, is not defined. The present study was performed to evaluate, in MVD patients, the relationship between increased ANP and FFA levels and insulin resistance and the role of mitral valve replacement/repair in ameliorating these metabolic alterations. Conversely, coronary heart disease (CHD) patients were evaluated before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), since they are known to be insulin resistant in the presence of chronic... The temporal effect of a wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)-enriched diet on vasomotor tone in the Sprague-Dawley rat Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 14 August 2010 C., Del Bo' , A.S., Kristo , A.Z., Kalea , S., Ciappellano , P., Riso , ... Background and aims: We have previously reported that wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)–enriched diets (WB) attenuate aortic adrenergic response through endothelial-mediated pathways. The duration of dietary intervention necessary to induce the positive changes on vasomotor tone has not been studied to date. Thus, our objective was to investigate the temporal effect of WB consumption on vascular function and reactivity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat aorta after 4 and 7 weeks of dietary treatment. Methods and results: Forty male SD rats were randomly assigned to a control (AIN-93) (C) or a WB diet for 4 or 7 weeks. Vascular ring studies were conducted in 3-mm isolated... Exposure to isoflavone-containing soy products and endothelial function: A Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 14 August 2010 D.P., Beavers , K.M., Beavers , M., Miller , J., Stamey , M.J., Messina Background and Aims: To determine whether and to what degree exposure to isoflavone-containing soy products affects EF. Endothelial dysfunction has been identified as an independent coronary heart disease risk factor and a strong predictor of long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Data on the effects of exposure to isoflavone-containing soy products on EF are conflicting. Methods and Results: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PUBMED database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) inclusively through August 21, 2009 on RCTs using the keywords: soy, isoflavone, phytoestrogen, EF, flow mediated vasodilation, and FMD. A Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive account of... Association of apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and serum lipid levels Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 August 2010 Y.-Y., Li , R.-X., Yin , C.-Q., Lai , M., Li , X.-J., Long , ... Background and aims: Apolipoprotein (APO) A5 gene polymorphisms have been associated with increased plasma triglyceride (TG), but the results are inconsistent. The present study was undertaken to detect the APOA5 gene polymorphisms and their associations with lipid profiles in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. Methods and results: Genotyping of the APOA5 −1131T>C, c.553G>T and c.457G>A was performed in 490 subjects of Hei Yi Zhuang and 540 participants of Han Chinese aged 15–89 years. The −1131C allele frequency was higher in high total cholesterol (TC) than in normal TC subgroups in both the ethnic groups (P<0.05). The c.553T allele frequency was... The 2009 2nd Italian Consensus Conference on LDL-apheresis Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 August 2010 C., Stefanutti The ‘2009 2nd Italian Consensus Conference on LDL-apheresis’ was held in Rome, Italy, 15 May 2009. The latest scientific evidence and the information processed in more than two decades of LDL-apheresis application require new guidelines. Experts were invited by the Consensus Panel to give a scientific specific contribution in their clinical area of specialty. The experts of interdisciplinary affiliation participated in the extension of ‘The new guidelines and recommendations for the indications and the appropriate use of LDL-apheresis’. The summary statement describing the frame and the lines of action of the scientific event and a supplementary document inherent to the Consensus... Non-cholesterol sterols in different forms of primary hyperlipemias Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 August 2010 G., Lupattelli , M., Pirro , D., Siepi , M.R., Mannarino , A.R., Roscini , ... Background and Aims: We investigated the behaviour of non-cholesterol sterols, surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption (campesterol and sitosterol) and synthesis (lathosterol), in primary hyperlipemias. Methods and results: We studied 53 patients with polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH), 38 patients with familial combined hyperlipemia (FCH), and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. In all participants, plasma sitosterol, campesterol and lathosterol were determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. To correct for the effect of plasma lipid levels, non-cholesterol sterol concentrations were adjusted for plasma cholesterol (102 μmol/mmol cholesterol). Patients with FCH were more frequently men, and had higher body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, insulin... Relationship between serum uric acid and cerebral white matter lesions in the elderly Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 August 2010 C.Y., Shih , C.Y., Chen , C.J., Wen , H.M., Liu , H.K., Kuo Background and Aims: Recent evidence suggests that hyperuricemia might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular risk factors are well recognized to be associated with cerebral white matter lesion (WML). We hypothesized that hyperuricemia is related to higher grade of WML in both men and women. Methods and Results: A total of 108 men and 123 women were enrolled from those who signed up for the annual Health Examination for the Elderly Program in Taipei from 2006 to 2008. Information in interview data, clinical and laboratory examinations were collected. Hyperuricemia was defined by uric acid ≥458.0 μmol/L in men and ≥392.6 μmol/L in women. Two... Effects of therapeutic lifestyle changes on peripheral artery tonometry in patients with abdominal obesity Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 August 2010 R., Ferré , N., Plana , J., Merino , G., Aragonès , J., Girona , ... Background and aims: Abdominal obesity (AO) is associated with endothelial function (EF) alteration and increased global cardiovascular (CV) risk. Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLSC) reduce CV risk, but the impact on EF assessed by peripheral artery tonometry (PAT) is unknown. In this study, we aimed to prospectively assess the effects of TLSC on EF measured by PAT in increased CV risk patients with AO. Methods and results: 150 patients with AO and moderate CV risk were randomized to groups receiving a one-year intervention of either conventional medical care (control group, CG) or an intensive TLSC program (intervention group, IG). Vascular studies (EF by PAT,... Gender-specific inhibition of platelet aggregation following omega-3 fatty acid supplementation Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 August 2010 M., Phang , A.J., Sinclair , L.F., Lincz , M.L., Garg Background and Aims: Increased platelet aggregation is a major risk factor for heart attacks, stroke and thrombosis. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA; eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) reduce platelet aggregation; however studies in the published literature involving EPA and/or DHA supplementation have yielded equivocal results. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that inhibition of platelet aggregation by LCn-3PUFA is gender specific. We examined the acute effects of dietary supplementation with EPA or DHA rich oils on platelet aggregation in healthy male and females. Methods and Results: A blinded placebo controlled trial involving 15 male and 15 female subjects. Platelet aggregation... Chronic inflammation is associated with overweight in Colombian school children Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 August 2010 D, Gilbert-Diamond , A, Baylin , M, Mora-Plazas , E, Villamor Background and Aims: To examine the cross-sectional associations of inflammatory markers in plasma including C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, and white blood cell (WBC) count, with overweight, skinfold sum (subscapular + triceps), and skinfold ratio (subscapular/triceps) among children from Bogotá, Colombia. Methods and Results: The sample (n = 2614) represented low- and middle-income children, aged 5–12 years, from Bogotá. We assessed their anthropometry, sociodemographic characteristics, and circulating inflammatory markers. We defined overweight, including obesity, according to the International Obesity Task Force BMI criteria. After adjustment for potential confounders, children in the fourth quartile of the CRP distribution had a 37% higher prevalence of overweight compared to those... Racial/ethnic discrepancies in the metabolic syndrome begin in childhood and persist after adjustment for environmental factors Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 August 2010 S.E., Walker , M.J., Gurka , M.N., Oliver , D.W., Johns , M.D., DeBoer Background and Aims: Evaluation of metabolic syndrome (MetS) characteristics across an age spectrum from childhood to adulthood has been limited by a lack of consistent MetS criteria for children and adults and by a lack of adjustment for environmental factors. We used the pediatric and adult International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria to determine whether gender-specific and race-specific differences in MetS and its components are present in adolescents as in adults after adjustment for socio-economic status (SES) and lifestyle factors. Methods and Results: Waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and fasting glucose measures were obtained from 3100 adolescent (12–19years) and 3419 adult (20–69years)... Elevated advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) indicate metabolic risk in severely obese children Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 August 2010 P., Codoñer-Franch , S., Tavárez-Alonso , R., Murria-Estal , M., Tortajada-Girbés , R., Simó-Jordá , ... Background and aims: The assessment of oxidative stress may aid in the identification of subsequent metabolic risk in obese children. The objective of this study was to determine whether the plasma level of advanced oxidation protein products, analyzed with a recently proposed modified assay that involves a delipidation step (mAOPPs), was related to metabolic risk factors (MRFs) in severely obese children. Methods and results: The plasma levels of mAOPPs were determined by spectrophotometry in 54 severely obese and 44 healthy children. We also measured lipid peroxidation biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, malondialdehyde, and 8-isoprotane F2α) and sulfhydryl groups, a marker of antioxidant defense. Protein... Major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged persons from a Mediterranean country: The EPIC-Spain cohort study Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 August 2010 P., Guallar-Castillón , F., Rodríguez-Artalejo , M.J., Tormo , M.J., Sánchez , L., Rodríguez , ... Background and Aim: No previous study has assessed the association between major dietary patterns and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a large cohort from a Mediterranean country. Methods and Results: We studied prospectively 40,757 persons, aged 29–69 years, participating in the Spanish cohort of the EPIC study. Food consumption was collected between 1992 and 1996 with a validated history method. Individuals were followed-up until 2004 through record linkage with hospital discharge registers, population-based registers of myocardial infarction, and mortality registers to ascertain CHD events (fatal and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction or angina requiring revascularization). Two major dietary patterns were identified... Genetic regulation of inflammation-mediated activation of haemostasis: Family-based approaches in population studies☆ Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 August 2010 B., Vohnout , F., Gianfagna , R., Lorenzet , C., Cerletti , G., de Gaetano , ... Blood coagulation and inflammation play a key role in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Candidate gene and genome wide association studies have identified potential specific genes that might have a causal role in these pathogenic processes. The analysis of quantitative traits is more powerful as they are closer to direct gene action than disease phenotypes. Thus linkage-based studies on extended families might be useful both to estimate the heritability and to map the genetic loci responsible for the regulation of the trait.Family-based studies may estimate high heritability for thrombosis and quantitative traits regarding both platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. Some specific loci... Polymorphism at the TRIB1 gene modulates plasma lipid levels: Insight from the spanish familial hypercholesterolemia cohort study Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 August 2010 A., Garcia-Rios , P., Perez-Martinez , P., Mata , F., Fuentes , J., Lopez-Miranda , ... Background and aims: rs17321515 SNP has been associated with variation in LDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. This effect has never been studied in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, our aims were to assess the association of the rs17321515 (TRIB1) SNP with plasma lipids concentrations and anthropometric variables and to explore the interaction between this SNP and some classic risk factors in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Methods and Results: rs17321515 SNP was genotyped in 531 subjects with genetic diagnosis of FH. Homozygous A/A had significantly higher waist circumference compared with G/G subjects (P = 0.006) and carriers of the minor allele G... C-reactive protein does not impair insulin suppression of glucose release in primary hepatocytes Publication year: 2010 Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 5 August 2010 F., Ellis , A., Nivala , K.T., Pfaffenbach , C.L., Gentile , D., Wang , ... Recent studies have suggested that CRP may interfere with insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether highly purified CRP increased the rate of glucose appearance in primary hepatocytes in the absence or presence of insulin. Primary rat hepatocytes were provided glucose-free media containing 10 mM lactate, 1 mM pyruvate, 0, 1 or 10 nM insulin, and 0 or 10 μg/ml of purified CRP for 6h. Purified CRP did not increase glucose release in the absence of insulin and did not reduce the ability of insulin to suppress glucose release.

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